This way to perform financial analysis started to be done by DuPont in 1920, and it gained a lot of recognition and acceptance.
- Profitability (measured by profit margin) = Net profit/Sales
- Operating efficiency (measured by asset turnover) = Sales/Assets
- Financial leverage (measured by equity multiplier) = Assets/Equity
The calculation sequence is as follows:
- ROE = (Profit margin) * (Asset turnover) * (Equity multiplier)
- ROE = (Net profit/Sales)*(Sales/Assets)*(Assets/Equity)
- ROE = (Net Profit/Equity)
The breakdown is shown below: